Comparing the Female Pirates Anne Bonny and Mary Read

Comparing the Female Pirates Anne Bonny and Mary Read During the Golden Age of Piracy (1700–1725), legendary pirates like Blackbeard, Bartholomew Roberts, and Charles Vane commanded mighty ships, terrorizing any merchant unfortunate enough to cross their path. Yet two of the most famous pirates from this age served on a third-rate pirate ship under a second-rate captain, and they never held an important position on board such as quartermaster or boatswain. They were Anne Bonny and Mary Read: bold women who left behind the stereotypical domestic chores of women at the time in favor of a life of adventure on the high seas. Here, we separate fact from myth in regards to two of historys greatest swashbucklerettes. They Were Both Raised as Boys Mary Read was born into complicated circumstances. Her mother married a sailor and they had a son. The sailor was lost at sea about the time Mary’s mother found herself pregnant with Mary, by another man. The boy, Mary’s half-brother, died when Mary was very little. The sailor’s family did not know about Mary, so her mother dressed her as a boy and passed her off as her dead half-brother in order to get financial support from her mother-in-law. Apparently, the scheme worked, at least for a while. Anne Bonny was born out of wedlock to a lawyer and his maid. He grew fond of the girl and wished to bring her into his home, but everyone in town knew he had an illegitimate daughter. Therefore, he dressed her as a boy and passed her off as the son of some distant relations. Bonny and Read may have been in a somewhat precarious situation- two women on board a pirate ship- but pity the fool who tried to take advantage of them. Before turning pirate, Read, dressed as a man, served as a soldier in an infantry regiment and once she became a pirate she was not afraid of accepting (and winning) duels with other pirates. Bonny was described as â€Å"robust† and, according to one of her shipmates, Captain Charles Johnson, she once badly beat a would-be rapist: â€Å"†¦once, when a young Fellow would have lain with her, against her Will, she beat him so, that he lay ill of it a considerable Time.† Piracy as a Womans Career If Bonny and Read are any indications the pirate captains of the golden age were missing out by sticking to all-male crews. The two were every bit as good at fighting, manning the ship, drinking and cursing as any other member of the crew, and maybe better. One captive said of them that they â€Å"were both very profligate, cursing and swearing much, and very ready and willing to do anything on board.† Like most of the pirates of the era, Bonny and Read made the conscious decision to become pirates. Bonny, who was married and living in the Caribbean, decided to run off with Calico Jack Rackham and join his pirate crew. Read was captured by pirates and served with them for a while before accepting a pardon. She then joined an anti-pirate privateering expedition: the would-be pirate hunters, most of whom were former pirates themselves, soon mutinied and returned to their old ways. Read was one of those who actively convinced the others to take up piracy again. Although they’re arguably the most famous real-life female pirates, Anne Bonny and Mary Read are far from being the only women ever to take up piracy. The most notorious was Ching Shih (1775–1844), a one-time Chinese prostitute who became a pirate. At the height of her power, she commanded 1,800 ships and 80,000 pirates. Her rule of the seas off of China was nearly absolute. Grace O’Malley (1530?–1603) was a semi-legendary Irish chieftain and pirate. Working Together and on Crews According to Captain Johnson, who knew both Read and Bonny, the two met while both were serving on Calico Jack’s pirate ship. Both were disguised as men. Bonny became attracted to Read and revealed that she was really a woman. Read then also revealed herself to be a woman, much to Bonny’s disappointment. Calico Jack Rackham, Bonny’s lover, was allegedly very jealous of Bonny’s attraction to Read until he learned the truth, at which point he helped both of them cover up their real gender. Rackham may have been in on the ruse, but it apparently wasn’t much of a secret. At the trials of Rackham and his pirates, several witnesses came forth to testify against them. One such witness was Dorothy Thomas, who had been captured by Rackham’s crew and held as a prisoner for a time. According to Thomas, Bonny and Read dressed as men, fought with pistols and machetes like any other pirate and were twice as ruthless. She said that the women had wanted to murder Thomas to prevent her from eventually testifying against them. Thomas said she knew them at once to be women â€Å"by the largeness of their breasts.† Other captives said that although they dressed like men for battle, they dressed like women the rest of the time. They Didn’t Go Out Without a Fight Rackham and his crew had been active in piracy on and off since 1718 when in October of 1720, Rackham was discovered by pirate hunters led by Captain Jonathan Barnet. Barnet cornered them off the coast of Jamaica and in an exchange of cannon fire, Rackhams ship was disabled. While Rackham and the other pirates cowered below decks, Read and Bonny remained on the decks, fighting. They verbally berated the men for their spinelessness and Mary Read even fired a shot into the hold, killing one of the cowards. Later, in one of the most famous pirate quotes of all time, Bonny told Rackham in prison: Im sorry to see you here, but if you had fought like a man, you need not have hanged like a dog. They Escaped Hanging Because of Their â€Å"Condition† Rackham and his pirates were swiftly tried and found guilty. Most of them were hanged on Nov. 18, 1720. Bonny and Read were also sentenced to hang, but both of them declared they were pregnant. A judge ordered their claim checked out and it was found to be true, a fact which automatically commuted their death sentence. Read died in prison shortly thereafter, but Bonny survived. No one knows for sure what became of her and her child. Some say she reconciled with her rich father, some say she remarried and lived in Port Royal or Nassau. An Inspirational Tale The story of Anne Bonny and Mary Read has captivated people ever since their arrest. Captain Charles Johnson featured them prominently in his 1724 book,   A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most  notorious  Pyrates, which certainly helped his sales. Later on, the notion of female pirates as romantic figures gained traction. In 1728 (less than ten years after Bonny and Reads arrest), noted playwright John Gay wrote the Opera Polly, a sequel to his acclaimed Beggars Opera. In the opera, young Polly Peachum comes to the New World and takes up piracy as she searches for her husband. Female pirates have been part of romantic pirate lore ever since. Even modern fictional she-pirates like Angelica, played by Penelope Cruz in Pirates of the Caribbean: on Stranger Tides (2011) owe their existence to Read and Bonny. In fact, its safe to say that Bonny and Read have had a far greater impact on popular culture than they ever had on eighteenth-century shipping and commerce. Sources Cawthorne, Nigel. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison: Chartwell Books, 2005. Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996 Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: Lyons Press, 2009 Rediker, Marcus. Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004.

Free Essays on Advertisements

â€Å"I’d like a Beefeater Martini Please.† The advertisement for Beefeater is well crafted making it both psychologically as well as visually appealing to its consumer. In the advertisement, Beefeater attempts to attract more women to its brand which is more popular to male consumers. The impression created by this striking woman is effective because it makes the potential consumer feel that by drinking Beefeater Martinis, she can stand out for individuality while also exhibiting a sophisticated sexiness, unlike other alcohol brands. In this advertisement, there are many â€Å"draws† to attract the consumer. The visual element used is the attractive woman who stands in the center of the page wearing British guard attire. She is quite conservative with her upper-body very well concealed ; yet, she also wears a skirt baring her legs indicating she is confident. This shows the consumer that she is getting noticed not only for her looks and subdued yet scandalous clothing, but also she is type of woman who is capable of attracting a certain type of man...one who is upscale, successful, and attracted to women who â€Å"stand out†. The slogan reads â€Å"A bold spirit always stands out†; it is clear here that the appeal is to be bold and proud, showing that you are an emotionally strong woman. Another aspect to her attire is that she is dressed as a British Guard and one can connect it to the date and origin of the drink in 1820, also printed on the page. But through history the reader knows tha t a woman would not be a queen’s guard. This woman in the contemporary ad is making a bold statement...she would and could have done the job of that man. The advertisement is appealing to a feminist woman for sure. Yet, it reaches out to many young women today because it uses an interesting combination of visual, verbal, emotional, and psychological tact's. This ad is targeted for women in their mid-twenties to thirties and they are... Free Essays on Advertisements Free Essays on Advertisements Singaporeans seem to be fixated on the quest for outer beauty. This can be seen by the influx of beauty centres and their adverstisements in our media today. These advertisements invariably involve celebrities or real life success stories extolling the virtues of their individual products. These products promise flat tummies, bigger breasts and toned bodies for the females and six packs and a V figure for males. The celebrities, with their perfect figures conjure an image of perfection for the common Singaporean to aspire to be like them while the real life success stories strive to persuade us that a vision of perfection that is not unattainable for the commonest of us. However, the increasing trends of slimming and facial advertisements that can be seen in our society today bring with it several negative points. What these advertisements do not state is that the celebrities do much more than just consuming the said product, often having to starve themselves on diets, for their above-mentioned perfect figures. Also left unstated is the fact that the real life success stories make up only a very small percentage of all consumers and the astronomical sums spent in achieving them. But that is just the tip of the iceberg. What is most appalling is that the social expectations for the sexes have changed over the years as fat and ugly people seem to be deemed generally unacceptable and undesirable now. For instance, women with good looks and busty figures are probably considered beautiful for the general public but may not necessarily be true as a woman’s beauty could also be portrayed innately and the way they present themselves to others. Similarly for the men, inner beauty such as having a good character and substance seem to tell others that they are beautiful in the man’s sense as well rather than just having six packs and a V-shaped body alone. Thus, the general public should not be easily influenced by the social expe... Free Essays on Advertisements â€Å"I’d like a Beefeater Martini Please.† The advertisement for Beefeater is well crafted making it both psychologically as well as visually appealing to its consumer. In the advertisement, Beefeater attempts to attract more women to its brand which is more popular to male consumers. The impression created by this striking woman is effective because it makes the potential consumer feel that by drinking Beefeater Martinis, she can stand out for individuality while also exhibiting a sophisticated sexiness, unlike other alcohol brands. In this advertisement, there are many â€Å"draws† to attract the consumer. The visual element used is the attractive woman who stands in the center of the page wearing British guard attire. She is quite conservative with her upper-body very well concealed ; yet, she also wears a skirt baring her legs indicating she is confident. This shows the consumer that she is getting noticed not only for her looks and subdued yet scandalous clothing, but also she is type of woman who is capable of attracting a certain type of man...one who is upscale, successful, and attracted to women who â€Å"stand out†. The slogan reads â€Å"A bold spirit always stands out†; it is clear here that the appeal is to be bold and proud, showing that you are an emotionally strong woman. Another aspect to her attire is that she is dressed as a British Guard and one can connect it to the date and origin of the drink in 1820, also printed on the page. But through history the reader knows th at a woman would not be a queen’s guard. This woman in the contemporary ad is making a bold statement...she would and could have done the job of that man. The advertisement is appealing to a feminist woman for sure. Yet, it reaches out to many young women today because it uses an interesting combination of visual, verbal, emotional, and psychological tact's. This ad is targeted for women in their mid-twenties to thirties and they are... Free Essays on Advertisements Advertisement Analysis In all advertisements, there is a common goal, make the product appealing. Whether it’s sex appeal, location, or discrete psychological targets, a Camels’ cigarette ad is a perfect display of the techniques used to accomplish this goal. As a whole, the ad is applying a psychological term called the peripheral-route to persuasion. The peripheral- route is projected through sexual appeal and visual stimulus, as opposed to the company sending a message through text. This approach is trying to seize people with low resistance to persuasion, using bright colors in a flashy setting. The visual stimulus attracts the consumer first and then sex appeal is used to make people stare for a few moments. The cigarette companies only need a few seconds to plant the thought in someone’s brain. A person could be a lifetime smoker or just thinking about trying it, and this ad throws gas on the fire. If that isn’t enough, the company then classifies brands in categories such as: Exotic & Indulgent, Mellow & Turkish, and Rich & Classic. This technique is saying to the consumer that this brand of cigarettes can fit anyone’s tastes and needs. Just choose a brand that pertains to your liking. The goal here is not to target a small group. The more people it relates to, the more chances they have of someone buying their product. If they are successful with just one person, this individual is most likely going to be a lasting consumer of Camels’. Cigarette companies have millions of clientele, paying thousands of dollars over a long period of time. The main goal for companies is just to get the idea implanted into as many people as possible. Sexual appeal is another scheme used to get the reader to contemplate buying cigarettes. Without a doubt it is the most effective and popular means of advertisement. Sex can be found throughout this advertisement. Directly centered, in the ad, is a classy blond for your enterta...

Respiratory, pain relief meathods used during chest drain removal. a Literature review

Respiratory, pain relief meathods used during chest drain removal. a - Literature review Example This would enable detection of the levels upon which the tube would be removed from the patient (David 2009, 1). Chest drain systems consist of collection chamber and mechanism that prevents air and fluid from re-entering the pleural cavity. They may have wet or dry properties that are aimed at draining the chest and preventing air from getting into the cavity. The wet system use water while the dry system uses suction mechanism instead of water to seal the opening and prevent air from re-entering the pleural cavity (Brunner and Day, 2009, 716). Patients undergo a lot of pain during cardiac surgeries that involve the chest drain removal from the pleural membrane of the chest. This chest drain removal would be aimed at draining fluids and air form the lungs and subsequent expansion of the lungs. These tubes would be often removed when the condition is better within a period of not less than 3 days after the surgery (SH Sane, 2008, 43). The experience is painful and highly unpleasant to the patients (SH Sane, 2008, 43). This would result in development of negative emotions in the patients. Doctors and medical experts, being aware of this have developed their own procedures and methods of relieving pain in the affected patients. Drugs such as topical Valdecoxib, fentanyl and sufentanil, would be used in curbing the problem of controlling pain (SH Sane, 2008, 43). Most patients have confirmed that chest tube removal (CTR) is a painful experience. This would prompt quick action aimed at reducing complications associated with it and reduction of pain. This would be as a result of inadequate management of pain during recuperation. It has also been confirmed that most countries have not set standards that would be used in pain management (Fischer and Bland, 2007, 769). According to Puntillo & Ley (2004, 294), morphine is the most common drug used in the management of

Ethics in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics in Business - Essay Example With respect to the case of Hugo seeking to present his opinion with regards to the new product line that is being marketed, this specific analysis will focus upon three distinct questions and the means through which an ethical interpretation of this specific issue can be affected. Accordingly, the first question will be concentric upon representing the ethical issues that are demonstrated and coming to an ethically reasoned course of understanding with respect to the best practices that could be exhibited by Hugo. The second question focuses upon the most challenging aspects of this analysis and the use and application of ethical theory to make the relevant decisions. Finally, the third question helps to review the experience and provide a discussion and analysis upon how the course module has helped in affecting an ethical decision-making structure within sections 1 and 2. It is the further hope of this author that the analysis will be useful in not only representing the overall le vel of knowledge which was gained within the course but also helping to craft a very realistic and likely scenario that could have a great deal of relevance with regards the way in which future ethical business decision-making is engendered. Question 1: Firstly, rather than being overwhelmed by the complexity of this specific case, it is necessary to understand that a seven step utilitarian method of understanding can be applied to the marketing approach and concerns that Hugo represents. This seven step approach includes the following: the representation of the facts, the representation of the ethical issues, a discussion of the alternatives, a discussion and representation of the stakeholders, and analysis of the ethical alternatives, a discussion and analysis of practical constraints, and a discussion and analysis of which actions to take and why. Firstly, with regards to a discussion of fact, it must be understood that Hugo has already presented a profound level of research whic h helps to denote the fact that individuals who are measurably less attractive than average experience a great deal of physical and psychological harm throughout the course of their lives. The psychological harm is oftentimes in direct due to the fact that individuals within society actively judge them and determine themselves as somehow better than those who are physically less appealing than they are. By means of comparison, the physical drawbacks that had previously been denoted are oftentimes secondary and in direct; resulting from the fact that an individual who experiences the primary censure and ridicule that society is able to pour upon them for being physically less appealing than their counterparts can have a litany of different negative impact upon the overall health and longevity of the individuals. This oftentimes takes place with regards to an increased level of heart disease, high blood pressure, and a litany of different issues. Secondly, the ethical issues involved in this case necessarily are concentric upon the question of whether or not a particular marketer has an ethical responsibility to represent their products in a thoughtful and societally conscious manner. From a review of history, it can and must be noted that marketers helped to engender and promote biases, norms, and/4 sexism, racism, or levels of xenophobia. Accordingly, one does not need to look into the distant past to realize that marketers

College Initiative Essay Example for Free

College Initiative Essay Many people have goals and dreams they would love to achieve in life. My goal is to go into the medical field and become a professional in veternarian medicine. But the only way I can do that is to further my education, have proof of how focus and determined I am about what I want to be in life. My mother always said if you really want something in life strive for it. Dont let someone deprive you of what you want. So here I am in college trying to better myself for my future, because in reality what most people do not know is that they need to go to college if you really want to really support themselves, make a better living. The longer you stay in college the higher the degree, the higher the degree the higher your pay will be. In my family education was always stressed upon me and my brothers, because my parents didnt want us to struggle our whole life living from paycheck to paycheck like many people before us. That is why I am trying to be better than that. I want to beat the statistic, I want to prove to myself, the world that I am not just another number, that I will be able to choose my own future without being so limited in choices. My plans as a student of Saint Johns River State Community College is to receive the highest possible grades, and make the Deans List, so that way at the end of my two years at Saint Johns River State College, when I graduate with my AA degree, I can further my education onto other colleges such as forsay my dream college University of South Florida. They will see that I am not like the rest that I am my own individual who strives for the best of what the world has to offer. How I see it is if you do not go to college, have some form of document, then it is just going to be harder to find an actual decent job. Take for instance, one of my passions in life is music if I were to want to go pursue music and make it something major, the chances of me making it, becoming famous are high, but the chances of me staying famous are slim. Because so many people would want it as much as I do. But if you get a education, an actual filed document showing proof that you know what your doing and that your a very serious individual then you will stand out from the rest, and most likely stay in the lime light. College has so many oportunities. Since I want to major in veternarian medicine the requirements I will need are many certain sciences and many maths. And in college they offer to the classes I need to reach my goal. I personally do not see college as a chore but as a tool to reach where I need to be in life, and others, so why not take advantage of what is offered? Many people think that college is just a bunch of unnecessary work, when in reality the things that are learned in the books are basic knowledge you need in your everyday life. Jobs use basic knowledge from your eduacation all the time, and if you do not have basic educaton knowlegde then how do you suppose you survive in the real world? That is why goal is to stay in college for an estimate of eight years, and gain the knowledge I need to survive in the real world. My hopes and dreams by the end of my college life is that I will become representative, set a good example to people all the people who are around my age, that anything is possible if you put your mind to it. Striving for the best for yourself and going infinity and beyond with it, will help you become more independent and well rounded as a person. My love and compassion for animals is what keeps me determined to accomplish what others might say is the impossible but to me is just another task on my list.

The Jungle Analysis Paper -- essays research papers

The Jungle Analysis Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America, by the turn of the twentieth century, was regarded as the â€Å"Land of Opportunity,† and lured thousands of immigrants. The foreigners that fled to the United States were in search of new lives; better lives. America was at the age of industrialization, and the economy was shifting from agriculture to factories. There were jobs in the factories available to un-skilled workers, which were the majority of the immigrants. And industrialists had no problem finding a way to exploit the workers lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The migration of Americans from farms to cities and the massive amount of immigration provided an abundant supply of cheap labor. Industrialists saw no economic sense in a hazardless workplace; an injured worker was easily replaced by another. Wages were kept low because there was always another worker willing to work for lower wages. The hiring of women and children as well as men created an excess  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  supply of labor; leaving every worker commanding low wages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inadequate wages for workers forced all members of the family to work in the factories. Children as young as eight years old worked. Wages were paid hourly and there were few limits as to how many hours workers were allowed to work. A family’s income was still low considering the amount of hours they worked. As a result, multiple families shared small apartments and living con...

Billie Holiday Biography

Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Harris (1915–1959) was an African American jazz singer and songwriter. Her singing style, strongly inspired by jazz musicians, lead to a new way of using word choice and rhythm. A critic named John Bush once wrote that Holiday â€Å"changed the art of American pop vocals forever. † She only co-wrote a few songs, but a number of them have become jazz standards that many musicians strive to live up to.Some of these standards were set by songs of hers such as â€Å"God Bless the Child†, â€Å"Don't Explain†, â€Å"Fine and Mellow†, and â€Å"Lady Sings the Blues†. She also became famous for singing â€Å"Easy Living†, â€Å"Good Morning Heartache†, and â€Å"Strange Fruit†, a protest song  which became one of her standards and was made famous with her 1939 recording. In Harlem she started singing in various night clubs. Holiday took her professional pen name from  Billie Dove, an actress she admired, and the musician Clarence Holiday, thus was born â€Å"Billie Holiday†.The producer  John Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933 with Benny Goodman, singing two songs: â€Å"Your Mother's Son-In-Law† and â€Å"Riffin' the Scotch. † The latter being her first big hit. â€Å"Son-in-Law† sold 300 records,  but â€Å"Riffin' the Scotch,† sold 5,000 records. Hammond was very impressed by Holiday's vocalization style. He said of Holiday that, â€Å"Her singing almost changed my music tastes and my musical life; because she was the first girl singer I'd come across who actually sang like an improvising jazz genius. Hammond compared Holiday positively to Armstrong and said she had a good sense of lyrics at her young age. In early 1959 Holiday found out that she had  cirrhosis of the liver. The doctor told her to stop drinking, which she did for a short time, but soon returned to heavy drinking . Some of her friends tried to get her to check into a hospital, but she did not go. On May 31, 1959, Holiday was forcibly taken to Metropolitan Hospital in New York suffering from  liver  and  heart disease.She was arrested for having drugs with her as she lay dying, and her hospital room was invaded by the police. Police officers were stationed at the door to her room because of her drugs. Holiday remained under police guard at the hospital until she died from  pulmonary edema  and  heart failure caused by cirrhosis of the liver on July 17, 1959. In the final years of her life, she had been gradually tricked out of her earnings because of her drug and alcohol addictions. She died with seventy cents in the bank and seven-hundred fifty dollar tabloid fee.