Dorothy Parker Essay Example for Free

Dorothy Parker Es translateDorothy Parker was an extraordinary woman. Extraordinary in her writings and extraordinary in what she achieved with her writings. Her books of poems and her curtly stories were bestsellers and her columns in The saucy Yorker were extremely popular. She was one of the only women and a central figure of the Algonquin Hotel Round Table, where each(prenominal) the great literary geniuses of her time would eat their lunch. Newspaper columnists q bulgeed her and 2 Broad stylus licentiousnesss were writdecade about her. Briefly,she was one of the nigh talked about woman of her time. What is striking is that her fame came from her writings. So some(prenominal) fame for a womans writings is unusual forthwith just let aside in her time. And besides that she was not a minor writer but her literary output in the end was quite an sm whole two volumes of short stories and three of poetry.The last decade of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth was a time of large scale of measurement political movements and social changes among women. A youthfulistic generation of women writers emerged with Dorothy Parker as their most famous one. more than oppurtunities for writers existed before the dominance of radio film and television. The newspapers and magazines flourished and only the subject field of New York City alone published 25 daily newspapers. The New Women as they were labeled were worried with winning womens rights the vote, instruction, economic freedom, acces to a c everying and a public part.These women were educated and progressive and wanted a break with the conservative past. Women writers of the era did not see marrying and having children as their ultimate goal in life. They rejected the traditional womens sphere and claimed a the territory of arts that had been a complete male territory before. M both fe atomic number 18d to be thought of as women writers. Dorothy Parker said that her most fervent prayer had been Please, God, dont let me write like a woman. Parkers writings on the another(prenominal)wise hand were for the most part confined to women and to what is primal to them. What made Parker so succesfull? What made that era crave her writings?In order to understand Parkers succes we need to view her works in the context of the time they were written. Dorothy Parker was born in 1893. The most striking evidence of change of the economic consumption of women in guild at that time was the emergence of the college educated and self supporting new woman. By 1870 there were el nevertheless thousand women students enrolled in higher education (21 procent of all students) and a decade later there were forty thousand women students enrolled in higher education (32 procent of all students). After they graduated they had to choose amongst a traditional role of domesticity and schoolboyish marriage or a career of paid work. On August 26, 1920 women officially ear n the right to vote by the 19th Amendment. Although women did not become a strong political force right after that the Amendment did increase the power of women to effect change. Another important diorama of the changes in womens postion in society these years was the first world war.Although the United States participated in the war for a relatively short time and did concourse not really have a clue about what was going on in Europe the war did change the Statesn culture significantly. More than four million American men were were mobilized and sent off to Europe. One of the outcomes of this was that women entered the workforce in increasing numbers. Working not in only jobs that were particulary feminine jobs like nursing but besides in offices and factories, in stores and governmental agencies and more. Women found themselves working in previously male-dominated fields and they were earning higher wages than in the past. These changes gave women a new notion of indepedence a nd self-confidence. In 1920 23.6% of the workforce was female with 8.6 million females, ages 15 and up, working outside the home. In 1920, for the first time in American hi score more people (54.3 million) live in cities than rural areas (51.4). As people became to move into the cities their lifestyles changed. Cities have more activities like going to the theater and nightclubs.Women in the cities were more likely to work in heartseaseaurants or offices and other locations that took them away from home. All these factors together created an environment of freedom that women had never seen in the past. One of the most visble outcomes of this freedom was the emergence of the Flapper girl. The breakdown of the Victorian sexual norms was a gradual process but slowely the American society was ready for newer ideas about sexual norms. The young working class woman had been known for her flamboyant dresses and love of nightlife and dancing. .They were relatively economically autonomous a nd freed either by work or school from violent familial supervision, and began to find a more individualistic culture for themselves. Womens appearance changed to a slender and smaller silhouette no longer restricted by petticoats and corsets.When the war began women come forthed to favor more practical, shirtwaist-style dresses.These dresses gave more freedom of movement and a greater exposure of skin. First they inched up to calf length then(prenominal) up to knee length. Flappers didnt show their feminime curves, cut their hair short and wore dark eyeshadow. As the United States was becoming more and more urban, industrial proceeds increased by 60 percent during this decade while population growth was 15%. Mass production requires mass consumption. Advertising became more important tempting people to purchase the latest fashions and newest cars and spend money on nightclubs and restaurants in the cities.For women this industrial production meant that they were more likey to have vacuum cleaners, washing machines, refrigarators and other household appliances that lightened their household work. This increased their leisure time. Advertisements targeted women in the 1920s. Women seemed to have more economic power than before and seemed to be in charge of the households money. However these advertisements assuage reflected traditional thinking of the womens role in society. These advertisements stressed domesticity and pleasing men over any message of independence.Dorothy Parker was born at the very start of this period of the modern woman. While men and women were now equal under the law, discrimination against women steady persisted. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s women were still essay against restrictions. For example, in several states women were denied to serve on juries till 1940. The economic advances for women, too, were minimal. There was still a strong sexual division of labor. Discrimiantion in family responsibilities, education, salaries a nd promotions remained plentiful. During the depression women lost(p) the gains made in the career world during the 1920s. And a renewed emphasis on the woman at home crushed the recently gained hopes for compare. More and more a stereoype emerged that women during the 1920s were sexually active (the Flapper) but politically apathetic.Parkers work points a sharp finger at that stereotype and defies is. She keenly points out the ongoing struggles for women to break free. Parker began her professional life in 1915 when she went to work as a caption writer for Vogue at a salary of ten dollar a week. By 1917 she transferred to Vanity Fair and worked for editor Frank Crowninshield until 1920. From 1919 to 1923 Parker wrote poems, sketches, essays and columnd for more than thirty-five different literary journals and magazines.Parkers first poem both porch pubished in Vanity Fair in september 1915 presents nine different female voices who discuss various topics as the vote for women, a game of bridge, someones new haircut and the war in France. In 1916 she wrote a series of hate songs, satiric descriptions of husbands and wives, actors and actresses, relatvies and so on. These hate songs made Parker very popular. She soon began to build a genius as a sophisticated young writer with a humorous message. In 1926 her first collection of poems was published. Parker soon played a distinctive voice calling for equality and social independence for women.This distinctive voice calling for equality and social independence for women was not out there in a way the womens rightist movements of that era were calling for it. This voice was hidden mingled with the lines of her poems and stories. The Waltz was published in The New Yorker in september 1933. The explanation reflects the thoughts and discourse of a girl who is dancing a waltz with a man who dances very badly. He steps al over her feet and kicks her in the shin every(prenominal) so often. She keeps saying that shes not tired, that it didnt hurt when he kicked her and when she gets past all feeling, the orchestra finally comes to a stop. When it does, she tells him that she wishes hed tell them to play the same thing. She said that she would simply adore to go on waltzing even though she hates it. The two voices in this short story reflect the contrast between a polite public voice and a witty and angry private voice. These two voices reflect a pee statement of the womans outward conformity and inward rebellion. In this way the two voices in The Waltz are metaphoric for the womans powerlessness.Right from the start of the story it is clear that the woman does not want to dance with this man. She does not want to dance at all but definitely not with this man. But still she gets up and dances with him. Parker is trying to point out that there is not that many young women out there who say what they think. There is not really an utility(a) for the woman in this story, how can she be rude? She cant be rude to a man who asks her to dance. Women after all were supposed to revel men. Parker does not judge the woman in this story for not saying what she thinks. She is not trying to bring young women who act like that down. She just simply wrote down how things like this work in a womans head and letting the world know that woman do not ever smile from the inside when they smile from the outside.In 1929 Parker published another short story with an hidden message about gender roles. In Big nordic Parker tells the story of a talented woman, Hazel Morse. Men seem to like her and as Parker wrote Men liked her, and she took it for granted that the liking of men was a wanted thing. Hazel Morse wants men to like her and she never pondered if she might not be in use(p) doing something else. She had been working for a couple years untill she met her husband. They got marital and in the beginning everything seems fine. As the story goes on it becomes clear that Hazel Morses l ife revolves around pleasing her husband while she is so bored and un riant at home. She gets divoced and gets married again a couple times but in the end in all her marriages and in the rest of her life she is never occupied with anything else than a desire for men to like her. One other desire Hazel Morse has is a desire for decorous furniture and clothing.With every men that comes in to her life Parker describes wheter he is rich or not and what he buys for Hazel Morse. All this stuff does not dedicate her happy either. At the end of the story Hazal Morse tries to commit suicide. What Parker tried to point out here is that women like Hazal Morse are only occupied by a desire for men to like them. This constant desire in the end makes women unhappy because they do not ask themselves what they want for themselves. She besides targeted the new american consuming culture in this story. Parker stated that nice clothes and nice furniture are not going to make women happy in the end. Again, just as in The Waltz Parker does not judge Hazal Morse for her actions. But she does make very clear that the life of women who never ponder if they might be occupied with something else than pleasing men is not going to end well.In her stories on gender relations Parker did not criticize women directly but she does have short stories and poems in where she criticized women directly. In one of her early poems (1916) called Women A Hate song she writes in the first paragraph of the poem how much she hates domestic women. She thought they were the worst. In her poem she groupes them together, there are no individual housewives they are all just as worse. They claim to all be always happy in Parkers view and all they do is hurry home to provide dinner for her family. The rest of their days are modify with making dresses and trying out recipes. Parker, by saying that she hates the domestic ones the most of all made a clear statement about the traditional role of women in societ y. She hated it. She hated the idea of women staying at home their whole lifes to take care of their families. Interesting is that she did not only criticize housewives but she likewise became known for her condemnation of the flapper. In her poem, The Flapper written in 1922 she starts her poem of by saying that flappers are innocent.Then she continues to say that flappers are not what grandma apply to be. Women wanted to break from the traditions from the generations before them but in the way Parker said it in this poem it is not meant as a compliment. She also says that flappers are girlish. By saying this it becomes clear that Parker did not take them serious. They were not serious and grown up women but they were all young girls. She then continues to say that there is no more harm in them than in a submarine. Which clearly means that Parker thought they were capable of doing damage to the whole society. She also writes that the flapper girl is not in control and that people only focus on their pranks. They are only noticed for their unruly behaviour and not for any good that they do. She ends this poem by saying that the Flapper girls are young and that the life the live is a rough one. This poem makes clear that Parker did not agree with the way the Flapper girls were trying to break with the past. The way the Flapper girls were trying to challenge the norm was not the best or most productive in Parkers eyes.Men rarely make passes, at girls who wear glasses is one of Parkers most famous quotes. The quote was not actually written as a quote but as a poem in 1926 under the title News Item. In one line Parker was able to describe that men were unremarkably not charmed by the smart women in society. (Since glasses are associated with intelligence or education). The modern woman had achieved more equality in education but as Parker describes men did not seemed to like these educated women.The major themes in Parkers writings are a lack of communication between women and men, dissolving of relationships, motherhood, womens emotional dependency upon men, the selfishness of the wealthy and the danger of empitness in womens lives. Her audience was broad. She managed to write for men and women of different social classes. The purpose of a writer was in Parkers opinion to say what he feels and sees. Those who write fantasies she did not consider artists. This nation of to say what he feels and sees made her stories extremely recognizable. In one of her short stories A telephone call Parker describes a woman waiting for a man to call her. The man had promised to call her at 5 and at 7 he still has not called. Parker described what goes through the womans mind. Anyone who has ever waited on a wanted telephone call knows exactely what the woman in the story goes trough because Parker sets out the womans thoughts in so much detail. Her writings are satiric, which makes them fun and easy to read but rear and between the lines there is a cl ear message.A lot of the times this message were convictions on the existing gender relations in society. From her writings it becomes clear that Parker was a feminist. Later in her life she was quoted saying Im a feminist and God knows Im loyal to my sex, and you must repute that from my very early days, when this city was scarcely safe from buffaloes, I was in the struggle for equal rights for women. She did however never join one of the organized feminists movements. The feminist movements of her time convicted the gender relations in a more serious and less humourous way. Her talent to convict these gender relations in a humourous way are undoubtly one of the reasons of her succes. The majority of the people was not interested in reading serious and bitter comments on the gender relations. In her New Item poem she could have said Men are sexist pigs who want to hold women in the kitchen were they belong. Instead of that she wrote a brilliantly witty poem that everyone knows unt ill today.Dorothy Parker might have been a feminist secretely fighting for womens rights, she did not wanted to be associated with any sort of woman. In her short story Women a hate song she basically stated that she hates every sort of woman. From the housewives to the Flappers. Parker wanted women to take advantage of the rights they had attained and she did not feel like copious women were doing that. What she rejected most of all were the standards for female writing and thinking. One of her biographers Marion Maede wrote that Parker did not presented herself so much as a bad girl but as a bad boy, a firecracker who was agressively proud of being tough, quirky, feisty.Parkers writings satisfied a craving for comments on this modern women and the new gender relations that were a part of that. Women in American society on the one hand were happy on the one hand with their new achievements of equality between men and women. On the other hand, they were dissapointed in the actual c hanges. Not only were the achievements in equality by law, in economic advances and education not what they had hoped for, they were also dissapointed in the new image of a stereotype women who was sexually liberated but in every way was the minor in relationships between woman and man. These dissapointments and discriminations of the modern women were not out on the surface. No one would have probably even been able to explain at that time what these dissapointments and discriminations but were.Dorothy Parker could see the friction underneath the surface of a sophistication-thirsty, consumer-obsessed American society. In her short stories and her poems she was able to point a sharp finger at all these dissapointments and discriminations. She was able to do that in a humourous satiric way. Not in bold statements, but in a subtile way behind and between the lines of her writings. Her greatest achievement was that her writings were attractive to read for women and men. Popular writin g for both sexes would be a great achievement nowadays but even more in that era in which the tensions between gender relations were at its sharpest. All these things combined made Parker succesfull in making her readers observe modern culture in a different way, and they all loved reading it.Bunkers, Suzanne L. Dorothy Parker as Feminist and Social Critic (1987). Evans, Sara M. Born for liberty. A history of women in America (New York 1989). Keats, John. You might as well live. The life and times of Dorothy Parker (New York 1970). Keyser, Catherine. Girls who wear glasses. In A New Literaty History of America edited by Wernes Sollors and Griel Marcus (Harvard 2012). Parker, Dorothy. masterly Poems (1999).Parker, Dorothy. Here Lies. The Collected Stories of Dorothy Parker (New York 1933). Sagert, Kelly Boyer. Flappers A Guide to an American Subculture (2010). 1 . John Keats, You might as well live. The life and times of Dorothy Parker (New York 1970) 9. 2 . Colleen Breese, ledger entry in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xvi. 3 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xvi. 4 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xvi. 5 . Sara M. Evans, Born for liberty. A history of women in America (New York 1989) 147. 6 . Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers xiv. 7 . Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers xiv. 8 . Evans, Sara M Born for liberty 161. 9 . Evans, Sara M Born for liberty 161. 10 . Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers 15. 11 . Sagert, Kelly Boyer Flappers 20. 12 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxv. 13 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxvi. 14 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xxvi. 15 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xix. 16 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Complete Poems (1999) xix. 17 . Colleen Breese, introduction in Dororthy Parker Co mplete Poems (1999) xxvi. 18 . Catherine Keyser, Girls who wear glasses, in A New Literary History of America, edited by Werner Sollors and Griel Marcus (Harvard 2012).

My Personal Aspirations Essay Example for Free

My Personal Aspirations EssayWhen you aspire for your future career, one must consider the important factors that lead to that. Each of these is an important component towards the achievement of victory and the necessary foundation towards competence. With all of these mentioned, I believe that a course in Microbiology is an important determinant towards my future profession as a pharmacist. In the end, with this subject I croup obtain the necessary skills needed towards addressing the challenges of my future major.Looking closely at the subject, there are many facets in microbiology that I asshole extract and use in my pharmacy major. One important contri entirelyion of such subject is its relative contribution in the overall using of my profession. Since the course deals with the study of organisms, it is an important benchmark towards creating an understanding of how dispensing of medicines can be made one of the responsibilities of a pharmacist. In addition, the course can serve as an avenue for learning the importance of organisms in the overall development of life.Bio News mentions that microbiology is concerned with the welfare of humankind, concentrating not only on aspects of host-microbial interactions influencing disease and immunity, but in like manner on ecological concerns meeting food production and the environment (p. 1). By establishing a good foundation of this subject, I believe that I can efficiently leave and tackle the needs of pharmacy. Now, I wish to point out what I wish to absorb and develop at the end of the course. The first thing that I want to accomplish in this is to create an understanding of how microorganisms develop and its relative characteristics.By establishing on these precepts, I can then branch out on its other subfields. By studying the form, physiology, and its other facets, I can adequately explore its other branches such as mycology, bacteriology and other (Bio News, p. 1). Also, I want to control how a n understanding in microbiology can lead towards the creation of new and improved ways of delivering restore to diseases. With the constant enhancement of todays technology, better avenues for heal are becoming more available.In time, there has been an increased understanding among microbiologists of how to create and diagnose bacteria and viruses accordingly (Bio News, p. 1). Due to this, by better appreciating the conditions of how a particular bacterium operates, necessary adjustments can be made. Moreover, I want to personally grow under this course. By the end of this, I wish that I can be able to have the necessary skills to determine what bacteria create diseases and what others contribute to bodily functions. In addition, I want to have at least a familiarization as to what particular organism or bacteria affect a particular part of the body.Bio News furthers that Microbiology is responsible for identifying infectious agents in blood, urine, sputum, feces, cerebrospinal fl uid, and other body fluids (p. 1) By familiarizing myself with these concepts and how they affect each processes, only then can I pursue the skills to cope with my pharmacy degree. Lastly, I aspire to learn how to cultivate bacteria to suit my needs as a pharmacist in the future. By taking up microbiology, I can differentiate different types of bacterium and how it affects every organism in the environment.Moreover, I can actively point out the relevant catalysts and how each one can contribute to the creation or degradation of various organisms within a particular ecosystem. Bio News mentions that these bacteria are important to humans because they play a role in the ecology of life, by decomposing wastes, both natural and man-made, for example and created nitrogen fertilizer at the root zones of certain crops (p. 1). Surely, can greatly impact on how I practice my major. After putting my expectations in the subject, I wish to correlate it on my future major which is pharmacy.By ha ving a primer in microbiology, I can better exhaust the capabilities and horizons of the pharmaceutical profession. Since the overall goal of such profession is to provide adequate levels of dosage in medicine, having a firm and solid background closely the subject can help pave the way for cure among patients in the health care system. By appreciating the cardinal subjects relationship, only then can students taking up a pharmacy major fully comprehend and use all these relevant skills. Also, having knowledge about microbiology can cultivate better relationships among patients.It must be understood that the role of such profession does not only revolve on issues surrounding facilitating cure via compounding medicines. On the other hand, pharmacists play a more active role towards creating betterment for patients. PILLS argues that pharmacists not only educate consumers on medication use, but also monitor their patients health to ensure that the patient is getting the full benefi ts of the drug (p. 1). To conclude, the microbiology subject can greatly influence and serve as a catalyst for my major in pharmacy.It serves as a tool and a foundation towards better understanding of the scientific explanation for the occurrence of things. Having this background in mind, I can better compound medicine and be a better pharmacist for patients. As PILLS argue, from direct patient care and guidance to the van of pharmaceutical research, pharmacy caters to many fields (p. 1). With all of these, having the adequate background and skills can catapult me towards attaining my dreams and fulfilling my role towards patients. Thus, the course in microbiology is an important stepping stone towards a successful career as a pharmacist.

Overview of the Production Possibility Curve

Overview of the mathematical product Possibility Curve work Possibility CurveProduction opening move ignore is the curve that show the combination of two detail or services that shadower be spend a penny in the market in a certain amount of time leaved that all other timeless factor that can effect the curve argon kept constant such as, labour, engineering science land and crownwork. The curve shows the toil between two particular proposition and how much can we set up with the current resources or technology. As the title says possibility which also means that with this much of resources, how much of distributor lay can it contract or achieve.There be 3 grammatical cases of product possibility curve which are straight-line sloping down, concave and convex curve.The first type of curve has a constant negative gradient or constant ratio which also means that as one item/ unspoiled cliffs by one, the other item/ trade good bequeath ontogenesis by one, and it will unceasingly be constant. Which also means that its prospect cost will be always constant. and this type of curve is not realistic because it cannot represent the market/economy.The second type of curve is known as concave curve, it has increasing ratio as paltry on the curve which also means that we need to ebb much than of a item/good to produce more of the good and the decrease number will musical accompaniment increase as a sacrifice for another item/good. Which also means that the opportunity cost will keep increasing. Thus this graph is also knows as increasing opportunity curve. This type of curve is more realistic and it represent the wholly market or economy.The tolerate type of curve is known as convex curve, it has decreasing ratio as moving on the curve which is also means that we need to decrease less of a item/good to produce more of a good and the decreasing number will keep decrease as moving along the curve. Which is also means that the opportunity cost wi ll keep decreasing. Thus the graph is also known as decreasing opportunity curve. This type of curve does not really exist in the real life economy, some says that in agriculture, this type of curve does exist but mostly it is not.Assumptions of the Production Possibility CurveThere are assumption on the achievement possibility curve because the curve is not a live feed as the market always changes and it also could not show e very possible detail of the market so we will have to keep it short and guileless while still able to represent the market. There are four assumption of the performance possibility curve which are assumption of two goods/items, constant resources, constant technology and efficiency.The first assumption is that the curve assumed that the market/economy only have two goods/items or that the goods/items will represent the whole market/economy. This way we could define or assume the economy from the curve, because the two goods/items change the economy thus we only could interpret the economy because in cosmos there are too many goods/items to take into account or it is impossible to take everything into one curve. In conclusion this assumption of the two goods simplify the market/economy so that we could monitor the changes and the stands of the market/economy.The next or second assumption is that the resources that is allow to the economy is constant or fixed. Resources will always change but we cannot use the real amount of resources to construct the production possibility curve, we will need to resources to be constant to construct the production possibility curve. Due to it constant resources at a time, we could use it to compare with another amount of resources at another time, with this we could analyse the increase in resources or decrease in resources.The third assumption is quite similar to the second one as it assumed the technology is constant. This is an assumption of how well or how much the tools and machineries will pro duce goods/items presumptuousness the akin amount of resources. It can be seen when a tool or machine produces 10 coat with 10 kg of flour while another tool with a higher or more advanced technology produces 10 cake with 5kg of flour or produces 20 cake with 10 kg of flour. This technological advancement will cause the production possibility curve to change and technology advances everyday thus we need to light upon it constant. Similar to the assumption of the constant resources, we can use it as comparison as shown is the example, we can use the amount of goods/items produce to compare because is the technology advances, more goods/items will be produce and the other way when the technology degrades.The last assumption is the efficiency, the production possibility curve assume that all the resources are implement full(a)y but in reality the resources are never been utilize fully. This can be seen where the some labour have no motivation or heart to work and work at its full est. This is the hardest factor to control so the possibility of the labour force will be fully utilize is very less. There are times when the machineries are old and did not sent for maintenance which will cause the efficiency of the production to drop which will be another factor to contribute to efficiency cannot be fully achieved. Thus it assumed that the work force is fully utilize and no waste of resources to produce the production possibility curve.Opportunity CostProduction Possibility Curve AOpportunity cost is the cost or expenses needed to be given or sacrifice to gain something, like the production possibility curve A above, we can produce either guns or butter but to increase the production of one type of goods/item we need to decrease the other, for example now we are producing at point A and we want to produce more of butter so we decided to keel our production to B, when our production for butter increases, at the same time we need to decrease the guns production in veer because of scarcity.There are 3 type of opportunity cost which are increasing opportunity cost, constant opportunity cost and decreasing opportunity cost.Production possibility curve A shows increasing opportunity cost which can be seen at between point AB and Point CD, to increase the production of butter by 10, the quantity of guns needed to be reduced by 5 but as going down the curve like point C and D, to increase the production of butter by 10, the production of 50 guns need to be reduced. From that we can say it is increasing opportunity cost because the opportunity cost increase as going down the curve from 5 to 50 to produce the same amount of butter.UnemploymentUnemployment in terms of business refers to a situation whereby a graduate or a working age adult fails to get a job. There are many types of unemployment, which includes classical, cyclical, structural, frictional, hidden and long-term. This fuss would bring about negative impact in the long run to the stat e of matters economic harvesting.In terms of economics, unemployment is defined as the wastage of resources in a production. When this occurs the economy would not be able to reach the production possibility curve which is a result of any point that appears INSIDE the curve. This can be further illustrated by the production possibility curve whereby the point which shows unemployment is at Point D which is located INSIDE the curve. At this point the resources are not fully used in the production of goods but would still attainable. Point A, B and C on the other hand achieve full employment in the production of capital goods and consumer goods.In addition to this, point E is an example of the production that is unattainable based on the current advancement of technology and resources.There are many ways to improve the production possibility curve in order for all the resources to be fully utilized. The government would provide insurance, compensation, and subsidies to aid in restrai ning of the demand. Besides, the labor market is never 100% efficient, therefore, the minimum wage policy should be reconsidered and the power of unions should be reduced at the same time. This would then improve the economic in the long run.Economic GrowthEconomic growth can be easily defined as the take shift of the production possibility curve due to the rise of the economy over a certain period or an increase in the production due the fully utilization of scare resources. This shift on then production possibility curve shows that the economy has successfully increased its capacity to produce more.The few factors that contribute to the economic growth is the advancement in technology, the increase in man power, the discovery of new production methods as well as raw materials. When there is an advance in technology, the production of goods or services would be more efficient. For example in countries like China, the rapid economic growth is due to application of new technology to then manufacturing process. An economy would not be able to grow if there is an insufficient amount of resources allocated especially to the capital goods.Next, the increase of labor force is important to enable a more number of people to contribute physically in the production. A particular country allows specialization between the laborers to enable better quality and a well divided task to improve the productive capacity and to ensure to outward shift on the production possibility curve in the time to come.Over the years new production methods as well as raw materials are discovered to improve the economic growth of the country. For example the first usage of technology such as computers or other electronic gadgets to control the production methods such as robots has greatly improve the productivity of the economy and many other firms contributing to this economic growth. Alternative types of raw materials were introduced to ensure the continuous supply for the production of the good.Diffence Between Constant Opportunity Cost and Increasing Opportunity CostConstant opportunity cost occurs when the production possibility curve is linear. The kinship between opportunity cost and quantity supplied is the same. Assuming that a factory wishes to increase their production of good T from 250 units to 500 units, the factory has to sacrifice 250 units of good R in order to increase the production of good T. Thus, the ratio between opportunity cost and quantity supplied is constant, 11.The production possibility curve of increasing opportunity cost is concave from its origin. Increasing opportunity cost means the more units of good T produced, the more the opportunity cost of good R. Assuming that the factory has to forgoes 20 units of good R so that the factory is able to produce 50 more units of good T. If the factory wishes to increase the production of good T from 100 units to 150 units, they have to let go 60 units of good R. In this case, it clearly shows us an increasing opportunity cost. credit2000. Assumption of Production Possibility Curve. 3 February 2015.Available from http//www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk=assumptions,+production+possibilities2014. Unemployment. Viewed on 7 February 2015.Available from https//www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/unemployment-22/definitions-102/defining-unemployment-388-12485/2000. Unemployment. Viewed on 7 February 2015.Available from http//www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk=unemployment,+production+possibilities2015. Economic Growth. Viewed on 7 February 2015.Available from http//www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/Economic_growth.html

Critically Evaluate Doyles Definition Marketing Essay

Critic totallyy Evaluate Doyles Definition Marketing EssayMost academics and trade practioners consider that there atomic number 18 two elementary approaches to merchandise which are often categorised as being conventional or birth base. The traditional approach to selling has the acquisition of new customers as its central tenet. Indeed, Peter Drucker (1964, p. 91) suggested that a business only existed to create a customer. However, organisations cod increasingly begun to recognise that customer retention is as important, if non more(prenominal) so, than customer acquisition. The driving force behind this change in thinking has been the ever increasing cost of acquiring new customers (Holmlund and Koch, 1996). Therefore, in contrast to traditional marketing, the basic premise of relationship marketing is the development of customer relationships with a status to cost reduction inside the organisation and increased shareholder prize through the creation of high levels o f customer satisfaction (Perrien and Ricard, 1995). Indeed, umteen relationship marketing theorists summarise the difference surrounded by relationship marketing and traditional marketing as the creation of customer satisfaction rather than the creation of a customer (Perrien and Ricard, 1995). In terms of the competitive benefit dimension of Doyles explanation, Porters Generic Strategies mold (1980, p. 39 see Appendix I) suggests that the traditional approach to marketing relies heavily on a strategy of cost leadership and price competiveness. In contrast, relationship marketing focuses on differentiation, in terms of product and/or snitch attributes, as a source of sustainable competitive reinforcement.It butt be seen, therefore, that Doyles definition of marketing is closely allied to the relationship marketing school of thinking. However, Doyles definition does not evolve account of the fact that the implementation of a relationship based approach to marketing alone do es not necessarily guarantee that an organisation provide achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, or, therefore, a subsequent maximation of shareholder returns. To have the potential for this, a relationship marketing programme must include attractive and relevant prize propositions for customers, which should differentiate an organisations brand and/or products from those of its competitors. In addition, these differentiated place propositions should not be easy for competitors to imitate (Barney, 1991). It is critical, therefore, that an organisation establishes exactly what value its customers are seeking in order for it to be able to design and deliver the appropriate value-enhancing benefits that will facilitate the building of meaningful long-term, and mutually beneficial, customer relationships (Christopher et al, 2002, p. 22).Doyles definition refers only to valued customers suggesting that they are a homogenous group. However, not all customers are alike and Ne hea d (2003, p. 17) articulates this when he states that Customers dont want to be treated equally. They want to be treated individually. Therefore, not only does boffo relationship marketing rely on the creation of customer value propositions but also on the surgical procedure of segmenting and targeting the most appropriate customers and because adapt and localization value propositions to appeal to the various, identified consumer segments. Furthermore, the segmentation of consumers by psychographic and behavioural attributes enables an organisation to understand the different motivational factors that influence those consumers in their purchasing behaviour towards specific brands or products, thus facilitating a more individual approach to customers. In addition, segmentation by this method provides an organisation with an insight into the specific value benefits that its customers, and potential customers, are seeking when they make a purchase. This, in turn, assists in the c reation of desirable and differentiated brands and/or products, and enables their effective positioning for the identified segments (Dibb et al., 1997). The segmentation, targeting, and positioning process is summarised in Appendix II.Doyles definition of marketing specifically identifies developing relationships with valued customers as a means of creating a competitive advantage. However, the definition makes no reference to any other stakeholder groups that an organisation whitethorn have, and will trustworthyly need to interact with, if it is to build and sustain a competitive advantage. The six markets stakeholder pretense indentifies the key stakeholder groups that require attention from any organisation that adopts a comprehensive relationship marketing approach to the achievement of its business growth and profit competency objectives (Christopher et al., 2002, p. 76 see Appendix III) Whilst this model is certainly customer centric, it recognises different stakeholder gro ups as having the potential to engage in active relationships with the organisation and., therefore, be considered for inclusion within its marketing strategy. It is necessary for organisations to effectively manage relationships with all of these groups especially as they have an interrelationship with each other. For example, shareholders in an organisation are members of the Influencer Markets, but may also be part of the Referral Markets and the Customer Markets. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, in terms of support for Doyles definition, research has shown that there is a direct link between the adoption of a successful relationship marketing strategy and profit (Bhote, 1996).None of this is to say, however, that traditional marketing does not have a role to draw in the modern-day commercial environment. There is no doubt that many consumers have a short-term outlook, in terms of their purchasing behaviour, and are not necessarily loyal to particular brands. Indeed, such consumers may buy particular brands out of habit or they may actively search for brands regardless of whether or not they are being targeted by relationship marketing programmes (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011, p. 150). In this sense, Doyles definition does not recognise the concept or value of traditional marketing. However, the many exponents of the traditional approach to marketing regard it as a distinct and dedicated counseling function within an organisation that is responsible for creating transactions with certain groups of customers that satisfy their immediate needs and wants whilst, at the same time, meeting the marketing objectives set by the organisation (Grnroos, 2006).Organisations that deploy traditional marketing methods tend to view the marketing function as being responsible for the so-called four Ps, namely Product, Place (distribution), Price, and Promotion, rather than the management of customer relationships. Research has also shown that, in fact, very few organ isations deploy exclusively either traditional marketing or relationship marketing. More often than not there will be a blending of the two marketing disciplines and, in terms of responsibility within an organisation, traditional marketing may be the domain of the marketing section with customer relationship management being a standalone function. In any case, the choice between using one of the two methods, and using both, should always be based on the industry in question and the needs of the customer. (Zinedlin and Philipson, 2007).However, there remains no doubt that many consumers are willing, and able, to form emotional, as well as applicatory, transaction-based relationships with organisations. This is particularly the case where an organisation has a recognisable brand as consumers are more likely to identify with a brand, and remain loyal to that brand, than they are to an organisation. Loyalty by customers to a brand is known to be a prime factor in the creation of susta inable competitive advantage and, therefore, business growth and profitability (Aggarwal, 2004). It is for these reasons that, according to Kotler and Armstrong (2011, p. 259), of all the assets owned by an organisation, the brand is the perhaps the most enduring and valuable in terms of its ability to generate shareholder wealth. Consequently, although Doyles definition of marketing has been seen to exclude the muted relevant dimension of traditional marketing, it can be effectively applied to the creation and management of the marketing strategy of an organisation. Even so, Doyles definition does not go far enough in its attempts to encompass the practice and value of relationship marketing as it does not specifically refer to the strategically significant role of brands in building sustainable competitive advantage.Consequently, to apply Doyles definition in a practical sense to the creation and management of an organisations marketing strategy, it is first necessary to discuss and evaluate the role that branding and brand reputation plays. As has already been shown, line up relationship marketing demands that brands, and their inherent value propositions, are positioned in a differentiated and competitive sense against the various identified consumer segments. This is only the first mensuration in the branding process and it is critical to the building of a sustainable competitive advantage that, over time, an organisation is able to build and sustain its brand reputation. Brand reputation is to do with how customers think and feel about a brand and, in order to develop brand reputation organisations need to have certain building blocks in place to enable customers to feel confident in developing meaningful relationships with the brand (Keller, 2003). These building blocks include brand salience, performance, imagery, and resonance, which all impact on the judgements consumers make about a brand and, ultimately, how they will behave towards it. This pro cess of brand reputation building is summarised in Appendix IV.If the process is followed effectively, then customers will ultimately progress from understanding, and empathising with, the brands value propositions to having a resonance with the brand and being ready to form an emotional relationship with it. To maximise the value of this potential emotional relationship, organisations have to take advantage of every available opportunity to ensure that engagement between their brand and their customers is positive. These engagements can comprise a number of so called customer touchpoints, such as direct marketing, helplines, advertising, and social media. Every time that a customer engages with a brand through a touchpoint that customers views and opinions about the brand are formulated and, ultimately, this will influence attitudes and behaviour towards the brand. Indeed, Doyle himself (1998) suggested that, by maximising the positive and integrated nature of customer engagements with their brands, organisations could enhance their general brand reputations. Consumers who form emotional relationships with brands can actually become so enthusiastic about these relationships that they develop a homage to the brand and may plane progress as far as becoming so called brand advocates, recommending the brand to friends, family, and members of their peer and reference groups (Aggarwal, 2004). If the organisation carefully nurtures these loyal customers and brand advocates, then they can become immensely valuable, in terms of future shareholder returns, and groups of them may even form themselves into brand communities on social networking sites, such as Facebook, where their influence over other customers and potential customers will be even greater.In summary and conclusion, it can be seen that the successful management of an organisations customer relationships can lead to customer loyalty and advocacy and is a key factor in an organisations ability to establi sh and maintain its competitive advantage, which, in itself, is a obligatory for growth and profitability in todays globalised and highly competitive marketplace. Although Doyles definition recognises the increasingly significant role of customer relationship management within the marketing discipline, it fails to take account of the other key stakeholder groups that interact within an organisation, and with each other. Equally, certain strategically important aspects of a comprehensive relationship marketing strategy that will maximise competitive advantage and, in turn, shareholder returns, are not referred to in Doyles definition. These shortcomings include a lack of recognition of the value and role of brands in the marketing process as well as the significance of segmentation, targeting, and positioning. In addition, Doyles definition totally excludes any reference to the important role that traditional marketing is still able to play within a successful marketing strategyEven so, although Doyles definition does fall short in certain areas, it is still a solid foundation for the framing of an organisations marketing strategy. This is because modern-day organisations have to understand that, in order to deliver the returns that their shareholders demand, a significant element of marketing practice has to be focussed on the building of long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with customers rather than on new customer acquisition. This is especially true as consumers not only have an increasingly heightened awareness of brands but also take more account of a brands reputation when making a purchasing decision. Equally, consumers are more willing to express their brand awareness by either defection from, or loyalty to, particular brands. Organisations can encourage customer loyalty to their brands by developing and communicating, at every available opportunity, consistent, relevant, and powerful brand propositions that are customised to their identified market segments. In this way, brands can build competitive advantage through differentiation rather than through the adoption of low pricing policies which impact negatively on profitability and, thereby on shareholder returns.-

The History Of The European Union Politics Essay

The History Of The European Union Politics EssayThe European friendship was an institutional manakin for the construction of a united Europe. The European Community is commonly called the (EU) and later officially became known as the European Union (EU). It was created after World fight II to unite the nations of Europe economically and policy-makingly by uniting their resources into a single economy. By doing so, an other war would be less plausibly among neighboring countries. A number of European leaders became convinced that the only panache to proficient a lasting peace amongst their countries was to unite them economically and politically. This was the framework for the building of the early European Community which expanded into the European Union.The EU was set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between its neighbors, which culminated in the World War II. In 1950, the European Coal and stigma Community (ECSC) began to unite European countries eco nomically and politically in order to secure lasting peace The organization oversees cooperation among its members in diverse areas, including trade, the environment, transport and employment. (BBC) The sise founding countries were Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Based on the Schuman plan, these six countries subscribe a accordance to run their heavy industries of coal and steel. Thus under a common management no country could, on its own, make weapons of war to turn against the other as in the past. The founding fathers of the European Union, and regarded by many as the principal architects of European integration following the end of the World War II wereKonrad AdenauerSir Winston ChurchillAlcide de GasperiWalter HallsteinJean MonnetRobert SchumanPaul Henri SpaakAltiero SpinelliIn 1957, the conformity of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC), or Common Market. Building on the success of the Coal and Steel Treaty, those six countries expanded cooperation to other economic sectors. They signed the Treaty of Rome, creating the EEC determined to lay the foundations of an ever close-hauled union among the peoples of Europe. (Goldberg, 2003) The idea was for people, goods and services to chance on freely across borders.In the 1960s, the early European Community continued to progress. The EU started its common agricultural policy in 1962, giving their countries joint simplicity over food production. All farmers were paid the same price for their produce. The EU grew enough food for its needs and farmers earned well. There were unwanted side-effects, such as overproduction with mountains of surplus produce. Later in 1963, the EU signed its foremost big international agreement, a deal to help 18 former colonies in Africa. To date, this has expanded to 78 countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) regions. In 1968, the original six countries removed customs duties on goods imported from each other, allowi ng free cross-border trade for the first time. They also applied the same duties on their imports from outside countries. The worlds biggest trading group was born. Trade among these six countries and of the EU and the rest of the world grew rapidly.In the beginning of the mid-seventies pollution was starting to become a problem especially in Scandinavia and Germany because of acid rain which was destroying forests. The EU eventually adopted laws to protect the environment, introducing the notion of the polluter pays for the first time, and since then Institutions such as the EU with its countries like the Netherlands and Germany remove made it a cornerst wizard of their environment. (Bruyninckx, 2009) This led to the founding of pressure groups such as Greenpeace. In 1973, the original six countries expanded to nine when Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom formally enter the EU. As a result, in 1974 to show their solidarity the EU leaders set up the European Regional Developm ent Fund. Its purpose was to transfer money from rich to poor regions to improve roads, communications, attr encounter investments, and create jobs. This came to account for one third of all EU spending. In 1979, EU citizens directly elected the members of the European Parliament for the first time. Previously they were delegated by national parliaments. Members sat in pan-European political groups (Socialist, Conservative, Liberal, Greens, etc.) and not in national delegations. The influence of the Parliament was constantly increasing.Figure . European Summit at work.The EU continued its economic growth, political expansion, and industrial modernization. Membership of the EU reached double figures when Greece joined. They had been eligible to join since its military regime was overthrown and democracy restored in 1974. In the industrial sector, computers and automation were changing the way people lived and worked. To stay in the forefront of innovation The EU organized ESPRIT, the European Strategic Program for Information Technology in 1984. (Grande, Hanson, Lackman, 1994) That was the first of many research and development programs. Automated robots soon joined car factory production lines in the 1980s as well. In 1986, Spain and Portugal entered the EU, bringing total social station to 12. However, trade was not flowing freely across EU borders because of certain obstacles and differences in national regulations. european summit.jpgThe Single European Act of 1986 launched a spacious six year program to sort out those trade problems. The Act also gave the European Parliament more than(prenominal) input and strengthened EU powers on environmental protection. Next in 1987, The EU launched the Erasmus program to fund university students that wanted to study in another European country for up to one year. Since then, more than 2 million students have benefited from this and similar EU plans.The collapse of communism across Central and easterly Europe whi ch began in Poland and Hungary, symbolized the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Faced by a mass exodus of its citizens to West, the East German government opened the gates. Germany was united after more than 40 years, and its Eastern fiber joined the EU in1990. The fall of the Berlin Wall led to about economic issues At the same time, consumers suddenly had access to goods and services that hadnt been available behind the crusade Curtain, and, for the first time in decades, entrepreneurs were able to start their own companies. (Tucker, 2009)More major expansions took place in the 1990s for the EU, and later the European Community was officially recognized as the European Union. In 1992, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) was signed in Maastricht. The Treaty established Community policies in six new areas trans-European networks, industrial policy, consumer protection, education and vocational training, youth, and culture. (EU Legislation, 2007) It was a major EU milestone setting clear rules for the future single currency, foreign policy, security policy, and closer cooperation in justice and homeland affairs. Under the treaty, the name European Union officially replaced European Community. With old barriers gone, people, goods, services, and money moved around Europe as freely as indoors one country. In 1993, the single market and its four freedoms were established the free movement of goods, services, people, and money had become reality.As the EU has expanded, more than 200 laws have been agreed on since 1986 covering tax policy, business regulations, professional qualifications and other barriers to try and open more frontiers. Unfortunately, free movements of some services were still delayed. In 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the EU which increased membership to 15 countries which covered almost all of Western Europe.In the late 1990s, the Schengen organization took effect in seven countries Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Travelers of any nationality could travel between all of those countries without any passport control at the borders. Other countries have since joined the passport-free Schengen area. In 1997, there was the signature of the Treaty of Amsterdam. It built on the achievements of the treaty from Maastricht by laying down plans to reform EU institutions, to give Europe a stronger voice in the world, and to concentrate more resources on employment and the experts of its citizens. Later that year, EU leaders agreed to start the dish out of membership negotiations with 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta were also included in negotiations.In 1999, the Euro (European Currency) was introduced in 11 countries for commercial and financial transactions only, notes and coins would come later. The Euro countri es were Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland (Greece later collective the Euro in 2001). However, a countrys old currency must have had a stable exchange rate for two years and because of that Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom opinionated to stay out of the Euro area for the time being. There were other conditions as well, such as interest rates, budget deficits, inflation rates, and the level of government debt. despicable into 2000, changes to the Treaty of Nice agreed to open the way for enlargement by reforming EU voting rules. In 2001, the EU stood firmly alongside the United States in the fight against international terrorism after the terrorists attacked the World Trade Center killing over three thousand people. Moving into 2002, Euro notes and coins were introduced. Printing, minting, and distri only ifing them in 12 countries was a major logistical operation. More than 80 billion coins were invol ved, and notes were the same for all countries. Coins had one common face, giving the value, while the other carried a national typeall currency circulated freely.Figure . EU PeacekeepersIn 2003, as part of its foreign and security policy, the EU took on peace-keeping operations in the Balkans. Their main concern was in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and then in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In some(prenominal) cases, EU-led forces replaced the NATO units. Internally, the EU agreed to create an area of freedom, security, and justice for all citizens by 2010. EU Peacekeepers.jpgIn 2004, the EU ultimately finished the process of membership with eight countries (Bulgaria and Romania still remained candidate countries) of Central and Eastern Europe the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia joined the EU. This finally ended the division of Europe which had been decided by the Great Powers 60 years earlier at Yalta. Next, twenty-five E U countries signed a Treaty to establish a European Constitution in 2004. It was designed to streamline democratic decision-making and management in an EU of twenty five or more countries. It also created the post of a European Foreign Minister. The Constitution had to be validate by all 25 countries before it could go into force. When citizens in both France and the Netherlands voted No to the Constitution in referendums in 2005, EU leaders declared a period of reflection. (EurActiv, 2007) The constitutional treaty signed in 2004 was meant to make the EU more efficient.In 2007, two more countries from Eastern Europe, Bulgaria and Romania, joined the EU. This brought the total number of member states to twenty-seven. Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey were candidates for future membership, but have not yet been accepted. Later that year, the twenty seven EU countries signed the Treaty of Lisbon, which amended the previous Treaties. It was designed to make the EU more democratic, efficient and transparent, and thereby able to tackle global challenges such as climate change, security, and sustainable development. The Treaty of Lisbon aimed to make the EU primarily act more efficiently in security matters.Also in 2007, a Council decision was made determining the order in which the office of President of the Council should be held. The position is held for six months by each Member State on a rotational basis. The Council is the main decision-making body of the European Union. The ministers of the Member States meet within the Council of the European Union. Depending on the issues on the agenda, each country is represented by the minister responsible for that subject (foreign affairs, finance, social affairs, transport, agriculture, etc.).Council responsibilities includedThe Council passes laws, usually legislating jointly with the European Parliament.The Council coordinates the broad economic policies of the Member States.The Council defines and implements the EUs common foreign and security policy, based on guide lines set by the European Council.The Council concludes, on behalf of the Community and the Union, international agreements between the EU and one or more states or international organizations.The Council coordinates the actions of Member States and adopts measures in the area of police and judicial cooperation in malefactor matters.The Council and the European Parliament constitute the budgetary authority that adopts the Communitys budget.In 2008, Cyprus and Malta in incarnated the Euro, increasing the size of the Eurozone to 15 Member States. The value of the Euro reached an all time spirited on July 18th at 1.5843 to the U.S. dollar. However, later in the year, the worldwide recession began to take its toll on the currency and European economies. Also in 2008, Sweden ratified the Lisbon Treaty.Slovakia incorporated the Euro in 2009, and the Eurozone now included 16 Member States. In December, the worlds three main credit ratings agencies downgraded Greeces debt, sending financial markets tumbling and peak concerns about other weak European economies like Portugal, Spain, Ireland and Italy. Concerns started to show as The leaders of the European Union gathered in Brussels in an compulsion summit meeting that seemed to highlight the very worries it was designed to calm that the world economic crisis has unleashed forces threatening to split Europe into rival camps. (Castle Erlange, 2009) Later that year, the previously signed Lisbon Treaty entered into force.As the EU struggled in 2010 to contain the debt crisis, Standard Poors in April downgraded Greeces sovereign debt to junk status, and cut Portugal and Spains credit ratings. The Eurozone finance ministers met in whitethorn to approve a 110 billion ($146 billion) loan package to Greece. That June, the Euro reached a four year low, falling below 0.862017 ($1.19). Eventually the Euro began to comeback the EU recover from the global financial crisis faster than expected, with business investments growing by an estimated 2% in 2010, but with public investment and housing development lagging. Strong corporate profits should enable this recovery to continue in 2011. (The World Factbook) To date, the EU continues to progress and move forward amid untimely setbacks.In closing, the European Community organize as a result of WWII with the intent of preventing European countries from another war, devastating destruction, and the loss of lives within its soon to be member States. The European Community in stages evolved into the European Union with the purpose of increasing economic integration, citizen socialization among its member States, modernizing industrialization, and to centralize a monetary currency among its member States. European citizens now have the freedom to live, work, and study in any part of the EU. Since the European Community began over half a century ago, the EU has taken great strid es in achieving a greater sense of unity among its members States and throughout Europe. The future of the European Union rests in its ability to balance supranational (social) and intergovernmental (monetary) issues. While the EU decision-making process might become bogged down as the number of member States around the table increases, the EU has a solid foundation to evolve and prosper with the right unified leadership from within its member States.

The Curse Of The Dot Com :: essays research papers

The Curse of the Dot ComOver the last few years, we have all seen commercials and other advertisements for all kinds of Internet companies. It started an Internet revolution, including such common things as shopping, stock trading, even entertainment. Recently, however, many have noticed that so many of these once growing companies no longer exist. They filed bankruptcy. Why? Because this stark naked market became saturated, and there was not enough demand to support all of the companies.Heres an example Mother Nature dot com. The company went swell up in 2000, and actually started the trend. We all saw the ads for Mother Nature dot com, they were the ones with all the natural health supplements. The problem was, the supplement trend is stock-still new, and people jumping on the wagon want to have it as soon as possible, and Mother Nature was an online mail order. Then theres the most famous belly-up dot com Pets dot com. Everyone knew their slogan Pets dot com, because pets can t drive. They had the funny little sock puppet dog as a spokesman. Publicity wasnt their problem. As a pet owner, I can tell you that when I get something for my dogs, I dont hit the hay what Ill get before I leave the store. I need to browse the store to know what there is. An Internet site wont let you just see whats there, you cant feel it, or touch it. Sure, that system works well if you know what you want, but what if youre not sure?Internet companies are going bankrupt mainly because not that many people like the idea of not seeing, touching, etc., what they bought until a week or more after they bought it. You can see some harm to on site stores from dot coms it helped Wards to close their doors.

Essay examples --

Communication is the necessary exchange of experience, knowledge, thoughts, feelings between two or more people. Need to communicate to any soulfulness if it is not then begins depression, caused by deficiency of emotions, impressions, and the person begins to shoot to communicate as well as in food or water. By the way a person communicates in psychology generally divided people into two categories introverted and extroverted (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 2013).Introvert - people, socio-psychological makeup is characterized by concentration on his inner world, insularity. Introverts consider their most important interests give them the highest value, for they atomic number 18 characterized by social passivity and a tendency to introspection. Introvert gladly fulfills his duties, but does not like the responsibility for the final results. For introverts typical behaviour associated with more comfortable solitude, inner thoughts and feelings, creativity or observation of the process. Introvert can be an excellent scientist, researcher, observer, writer or an individual entrepreneur. Extrovert - a man whose psychological characteristics expressed in focal point their interests in the outside world, the external objects. Extroverts peculiar behavior impulsivity, activity in the gestures, communicative, initiative, social adaptability and openness of the inner world. For extroverts typical behavior in which a person seeks to communicate with people, attention from others, participation in public speeches, participation in crowded events and parties. An extrovert can be an excellent master of ceremonies organized (often volunteer), official, annihilate people, artist or entertainer. In which of the two types, you probably know yourself? Perhaps you were u... ...thdrawal from live communication and addiction to the Internet. The user does not notice how he bread to meet with friends, all communication limited social networks. Every day he comes to your pages to view or message came that interesting going on in his friends and it becomes a habit and we can not live peacefully day, if not Go online, and it is already clear signs of addiction. Besides overreliance on social networks leads to a settle in efficiency. Many employers do not allow their employees to go to the Internet during working hours, to track even special programs, they are happy to use. By the way, if you are using such social networks like twitter, then you can have it in a small income. Of course, to have an extra income on microblogs you will need to place them in advertising, but many services do just focus on it to make it look as natural as possible.